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中华人民共和国加入议定书(英文本)

作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-06-29 03:37:09  浏览:9590   来源:法律资料网
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中华人民共和国加入议定书(英文本)

世界贸易组织法律文件


PROTOCOL ON THE ACCESSION OF
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA


Preamble

The World Trade Organization ("WTO"), pursuant to the approval of the Ministerial Conference of the WTO accorded under Article XII of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization ("WTO Agreement"), and the People's Republic of China ("China"),

Recalling that China was an original contracting party to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947,

Taking note that China is a signatory to the Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations,

Taking note of the Report of the Working Party on the Accession of China in document WT/ACC/CHN/49 ("Working Party Report"),

Having regard to the results of the negotiations concerning China's membership in the WTO,

Agree as follows:

Part I - General Provisions

1. General

1. Upon accession, China accedes to the WTO Agreement pursuant to Article XII of that Agreement and thereby becomes a Member of the WTO.

2. The WTO Agreement to which China accedes shall be the WTO Agreement as rectified, amended or otherwise modified by such legal instruments as may have entered into force before the date of accession. This Protocol, which shall include the commitments referred to in paragraph 342 of the Working Party Report, shall be an integral part of the WTO Agreement.

3. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, those obligations in the Multilateral Trade Agreements annexed to the WTO Agreement that are to be implemented over a period of time starting with entry into force of that Agreement shall be implemented by China as if it had accepted that Agreement on the date of its entry into force.

4. China may maintain a measure inconsistent with paragraph 1of Article II of the General Agreement on Trade in Services ("GATS") provided that such a measure is recorded in the List of Article II Exemptions annexed to this Protocol and meets the conditions of the Annex to the GATS on Article II Exemptions.

2. Administration of the Trade Regime

(A) Uniform Administration

1. The provisions of the WTO Agreement and this Protocol shall apply to the entire customs territory of China, including border trade regions and minority autonomous areas, Special Economic Zones, open coastal cities, economic and technical development zones and other areas where special regimes for tariffs, taxes and regulations are established (collectively referred to as "special economic areas").

2. China shall apply and administer in a uniform, impartial and reasonable manner all its laws, regulations and other measures of the central government as well as local regulations, rules and other measures issued or applied at the sub-national level (collectively referred to as "laws, regulations and other measures") pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights ("TRIPS") or the control of foreign exchange.

3. China's local regulations, rules and other measures of local governments at the sub-national level shall conform to the obligations undertaken in the WTO Agreement and this Protocol.

4. China shall establish a mechanism under which individuals and enterprises can bring to the attention of the national authorities cases of non-uniform application of the trade regime.

(B) Special Economic Areas

1. China shall notify to the WTO all the relevant laws, regulations and other measures relating to its special economic areas, listing these areas by name and indicating the geographic boundaries that define them. China shall notify the WTO promptly, but in any case within 60 days, of any additions or modifications to its special economic areas, including notification of the laws, regulations and other measures relating thereto.

2. China shall apply to imported products, including physically incorporated components, introduced into the other parts of China's customs territory from the special economic areas, all taxes, charges and measures affecting imports, including import restrictions and customs and tariff charges, that are normally applied to imports into the other parts of China's customs territory.

3. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, in providing preferential arrangements for enterprises within such special economic areas, WTO provisions on non-discrimination and national treatment shall be fully observed.

(C) Transparency

1. China undertakes that only those laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange that are published and readily available to other WTO Members, individuals and enterprises, shall be enforced. In addition, China shall make available to WTO Members, upon request, all laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange before such measures are implemented or enforced. In emergency situations, laws, regulations and other measures shall be made available at the latest when they are implemented or enforced.

2. China shall establish or designate an official journal dedicated to the publication of all laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange and, after publication of its laws, regulations or other measures in such journal, shall provide a reasonable period for comment to the appropriate authorities before such measures are implemented, except for those laws, regulations and other measures involving national security, specific measures setting foreign exchange rates or monetary policy and other measures the publication of which would impede law enforcement. China shall publish this journal on a regular basis and make copies of all issues of this journal readily available to individuals and enterprises.

3. China shall establish or designate an enquiry point where, upon request of any individual, enterprise or WTO Member all information relating to the measures required to be published under paragraph 2(C)1 of this Protocol may be obtained. Replies to requests for information shall generally be provided within 30 days after receipt of a request. In exceptional cases, replies may be provided within 45 days after receipt of a request. Notice of the delay and the reasons therefor shall be provided in writing to the interested party. Replies to WTO Members shall be complete and shall represent the authoritative view of the Chinese government. Accurate and reliable information shall be provided to individuals and enterprises.

(D) Judicial Review

1. China shall establish, or designate, and maintain tribunals, contact points and procedures for the prompt review of all administrative actions relating to the implementation of laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application referred to in Article X:1 of the GATT 1994, Article VI of the GATS and the relevant provisions of the TRIPS Agreement. Such tribunals shall be impartial and independent of the agency entrusted with administrative enforcement and shall not have any substantial interest in the outcome of the matter.

2. Review procedures shall include the opportunity for appeal, without penalty, by individuals or enterprises affected by any administrative action subject to review. If the initial right of appeal is to an administrative body, there shall in all cases be the opportunity to choose to appeal the decision to a judicial body. Notice of the decision on appeal shall be given to the appellant and the reasons for such decision shall be provided in writing. The appellant shall also be informed of any right to further appeal.

3. Non-discrimination

Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of:

(a) the procurement of inputs and goods and services necessary for production and the conditions under which their goods are produced, marketed or sold, in the domestic market and for export; and

(b) the prices and availability of goods and services supplied by national and sub-national authorities and public or state enterprises, in areas including transportation, energy, basic telecommunications, other utilities and factors of production.

4. Special Trade Arrangements

Upon accession, China shall eliminate or bring into conformity with the WTO Agreement all special trade arrangements, including barter trade arrangements, with third countries and separate customs territories, which are not in conformity with the WTO Agreement.

5. Right to Trade

1. Without prejudice to China's right to regulate trade in a manner consistent with the WTO Agreement, China shall progressively liberalize the availability and scope of the right to trade, so that, within three years after accession, all enterprises in China shall have the right to trade in all goods throughout the customs territory of China, except for those goods listed in Annex 2A which continue to be subject to state trading in accordance with this Protocol. Such right to trade shall be the right to import and export goods. All such goods shall be accorded national treatment under Article III of the GATT 1994, especially paragraph 4 thereof, in respect of their internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation, distribution or use, including their direct access to end-users. For those goods listed in Annex 2B, China shall phase out limitation on the grant of trading rights pursuant to the schedule in that Annex. China shall complete all necessary legislative procedures to implement these provisions during the transition period.

2. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, all foreign individuals and enterprises, including those not invested or registered in China, shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to enterprises in China with respect to the right to trade.

6. State Trading

1. China shall ensure that import purchasing procedures of state trading enterprises are fully transparent, and in compliance with the WTO Agreement, and shall refrain from taking any measure to influence or direct state trading enterprises as to the quantity, value, or country of origin of goods purchased or sold, except in accordance with the WTO Agreement.

2. As part of China's notification under the GATT 1994 and the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the GATT 1994, China shall also provide full information on the pricing mechanisms of its state trading enterprises for exported goods.

7. Non-Tariff Measures

1. China shall implement the schedule for phased elimination of the measures contained in Annex 3. During the periods specified in Annex 3, the protection afforded by the measures listed in that Annex shall not be increased or expanded in size, scope or duration, nor shall any new measures be applied, unless in conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement.

2. In implementing the provisions of Articles III and XI of the GATT 1994 and the Agreement on Agriculture, China shall eliminate and shall not introduce, re-introduce or apply non-tariff measures that cannot be justified under the provisions of the WTO Agreement. For all non-tariff measures, whether or not referred to in Annex 3, that are applied after the date of accession, consistent with the WTO Agreement or this Protocol, China shall allocate and otherwise administer such measures in strict conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement, including GATT 1994 and Article XIII thereof, and the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, including notification requirements.

3. China shall, upon accession, comply with the TRIMs Agreement, without recourse to the provisions of Article 5 of the TRIMs Agreement. China shall eliminate and cease to enforce trade and foreign exchange balancing requirements, local content and export or performance requirements made effective through laws, regulations or other measures. Moreover, China will not enforce provisions of contracts imposing such requirements. Without prejudice to the relevant provisions of this Protocol, China shall ensure that the distribution of import licences, quotas, tariff-rate quotas, or any other means of approval for importation, the right of importation or investment by national and sub-national authorities, is not conditioned on: whether competing domestic suppliers of such products exist; or performance requirements of any kind, such as local content, offsets, the transfer of technology, export performance or the conduct of research and development in China.

4. Import and export prohibitions and restrictions, and licensing requirements affecting imports and exports shall only be imposed and enforced by the national authorities or by sub-national authorities with authorization from the national authorities. Such measures which are not imposed by the national authorities or by sub-national authorities with authorization from the national authorities, shall not be implemented or enforced.

8. Import and Export Licensing

1. In implementing the WTO Agreement and provisions of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, China shall undertake the following measures to facilitate compliance with these agreements:

(a) China shall publish on a regular basis the following in the official journal referred to in paragraph 2(C)2 of this Protocol:

- by product, the list of all organizations, including those organizations delegated such authority by the national authorities, that are responsible for authorizing or approving imports or exports, whether through grant of licence or other approval;

- procedures and criteria for obtaining such import or export licences or other approvals, and the conditions for deciding whether they should be granted;

- a list of all products, by tariff number, that are subject to tendering requirements, including information on products subject to such tendering requirements and any changes, pursuant to the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures;

- a list of all goods and technologies whose import or export are restricted or prohibited; these goods shall also be notified to the Committee on Import Licensing;

- any changes to the list of goods and technologies whose import and export are restricted or prohibited.

Copies of these submissions in one or more official languages of the WTO shall be forwarded to the WTO for circulation to WTO Members and for submission to the Committee on Import Licensing within 75 days of each publication.

(b) China shall notify the WTO of all licensing and quota requirements remaining in effect after accession, listed separately by HS tariff line and with the quantities associated with the restriction, if any, and the justification for maintaining the restriction or its scheduled date of termination.

(c) China shall submit the notification of its import licensing procedures to the Committee on Import Licensing. China shall report annually to the Committee on Import Licensing on its automatic import licensing procedures, explaining the circumstances which give rise to these requirements and justifying the need for their continuation. This report shall also provide the information listed in Article 3 of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures.

(d) China shall issue import licences for a minimum duration of validity of six months, except where exceptional circumstances make this impossible. In such cases, China shall promptly notify the Committee on Import Licensing of the exceptional circumstances requiring the shorter period of licence validity.

2. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of the distribution of import and export licences and quotas.

9. Price Controls

1. China shall, subject to paragraph 2 below, allow prices for traded goods and services in every sector to be determined by market forces, and multi-tier pricing practices for such goods and services shall be eliminated.

2. The goods and services listed in Annex 4 may be subject to price controls, consistent with the WTO Agreement, in particular Article III of the GATT 1994 and Annex 2, paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Agreement on Agriculture. Except in exceptional circumstances, and subject to notification to the WTO, price controls shall not be extended to goods or services beyond those listed in Annex 4, and China shall make best efforts to reduce and eliminate these controls.

3. China shall publish in the official journal the list of goods and services subject to state pricing and changes thereto.

10. Subsidies

1. China shall notify the WTO of any subsidy within the meaning of Article 1 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures ("SCM Agreement"), granted or maintained in its territory, organized by specific product, including those subsidies defined in Article 3 of the SCM Agreement. The information provided should be as specific as possible, following the requirements of the questionnaire on subsidies as noted in Article 25 of the SCM Agreement.

2. For purposes of applying Articles 1.2 and 2 of the SCM Agreement, subsidies provided to state-owned enterprises will be viewed as specific if, inter alia, state-owned enterprises are the predominant recipients of such subsidies or state-owned enterprises receive disproportionately large amounts of such subsidies.

3. China shall eliminate all subsidy programmes falling within the scope of Article 3 of the SCM Agreement upon accession.

11. Taxes and Charges Levied on Imports and Exports

1. China shall ensure that customs fees or charges applied or administered by national or sub-national authorities, shall be in conformity with the GATT 1994.

2. China shall ensure that internal taxes and charges, including value-added taxes, applied or administered by national or sub-national authorities shall be in conformity with the GATT 1994.

3. China shall eliminate all taxes and charges applied to exports unless specifically provided for in Annex 6 of this Protocol or applied in conformity with the provisions of Article VIII of the GATT 1994.

4. Foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall, upon accession, be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of the provision of border tax adjustments.

12. Agriculture

1. China shall implement the provisions contained in China's Schedule of Concessions and Commitments on Goods and, as specifically provided in this Protocol, those of the Agreement on Agriculture. In this context, China shall not maintain or introduce any export subsidies on agricultural products.

2. China shall, under the Transitional Review Mechanism, notify fiscal and other transfers between or among state-owned enterprises in the agricultural sector (whether national or sub-national) and other enterprises that operate as state trading enterprises in the agricultural sector.

13. Technical Barriers to Trade

1. China shall publish in the official journal all criteria, whether formal or informal, that are the basis for a technical regulation, standard or conformity assessment procedure.

2. China shall, upon accession, bring into conformity with the TBT Agreement all technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures.

3. China shall apply conformity assessment procedures to imported products only to determine compliance with technical regulations and standards that are consistent with the provisions of this Protocol and the WTO Agreement. Conformity assessment bodies will determine the conformity of imported products with commercial terms of contracts only if authorized by the parties to such contract. China shall ensure that such inspection of products for compliance with the commercial terms of contracts does not affect customs clearance or the granting of import licences for such products.

4. (a) Upon accession, China shall ensure that the same technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures are applied to both imported and domestic products. In order to ensure a smooth transition from the current system, China shall ensure that, upon accession, all certification, safety licensing, and quality licensing bodies and agencies are authorized to undertake these activities for both imported and domestic products, and that, one year after accession, all conformity assessment bodies and agencies are authorized to undertake conformity assessment for both imported and domestic products. The choice of body or agency shall be at the discretion of the applicant. For imported and domestic products, all bodies and agencies shall issue the same mark and charge the same fee. They shall also provide the same processing periods and complaint procedures. Imported products shall not be subject to more than one conformity assessment. China shall publish and make readily available to other WTO Members, individuals, and enterprises full information on the respective responsibilities of its conformity assessment bodies and agencies.

(b) No later than 18 months after accession, China shall assign the respective responsibilities of its conformity assessment bodies solely on the basis of the scope of work and type of product without any consideration of the origin of a product. The respective responsibilities that will be assigned to China's conformity assessment bodies will be notified to the TBT Committee 12 months after accession.

14. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

China shall notify to the WTO all laws, regulations and other measures relating to its sanitary and phytosanitary measures, including product coverage and relevant international standards, guidelines and recommendations, within 30 days after accession.

15. Price Comparability in Determining Subsidies and Dumping

Article VI of the GATT 1994, the Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 ("Anti-Dumping Agreement") and the SCM Agreement shall apply in proceedings involving imports of Chinese origin into a WTO Member consistent with the following:

(a) In determining price comparability under Article VI of the GATT 1994 and the Anti-Dumping Agreement, the importing WTO Member shall use either Chinese prices or costs for the industry under investigation or a methodology that is not based on a strict comparison with domestic prices or costs in China based on the following rules:

(i) If the producers under investigation can clearly show that market economy conditions prevail in the industry producing the like product with regard to the manufacture, production and sale of that product, the importing WTO Member shall use Chinese prices or costs for the industry under investigation in determining price comparability;

(ii) The importing WTO Member may use a methodology that is not based on a strict comparison with domestic prices or costs in China if the producers under investigation cannot clearly show that market economy conditions prevail in the industry producing the like product with regard to manufacture, production and sale of that product.

(b) In proceedings under Parts II, III and V of the SCM Agreement, when addressing subsidies described in Articles 14(a), 14(b), 14(c) and 14(d), relevant provisions of the SCM Agreement shall apply; however, if there are special difficulties in that application, the importing WTO Member may then use methodologies for identifying and measuring the subsidy benefit which take into account the possibility that prevailing terms and conditions in China may not always be available as appropriate benchmarks. In applying such methodologies, where practicable, the importing WTO Member should adjust such prevailing terms and conditions before considering the use of terms and conditions prevailing outside China.

(c) The importing WTO Member shall notify methodologies used in accordance with subparagraph (a) to the Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices and shall notify methodologies used in accordance with subparagraph (b) to the Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.

(d) Once China has established, under the national law of the importing WTO Member, that it is a market economy, the provisions of subparagraph (a) shall be terminated provided that the importing Member's national law contains market economy criteria as of the date of accession. In any event, the provisions of subparagraph (a)(ii) shall expire 15 years after the date of accession. In addition, should China establish, pursuant to the national law of the importing WTO Member, that market economy conditions prevail in a particular industry or sector, the non-market economy provisions of subparagraph (a) shall no longer apply to that industry or sector.

16. Transitional Product-Specific Safeguard Mechanism

1. In cases where products of Chinese origin are being imported into the territory of any WTO Member in such increased quantities or under such conditions as to cause or threaten to cause market disruption to the domestic producers of like or directly competitive products, the WTO Member so affected may request consultations with China with a view to seeking a mutually satisfactory solution, including whether the affected WTO Member should pursue application of a measure under the Agreement on Safeguards. Any such request shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

2. If, in the course of these bilateral consultations, it is agreed that imports of Chinese origin are such a cause and that action is necessary, China shall take such action as to prevent or remedy the market disruption. Any such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

3. If consultations do not lead to an agreement between China and the WTO Member concerned within 60 days of the receipt of a request for consultations, the WTO Member affected shall be free, in respect of such products, to withdraw concessions or otherwise to limit imports only to the extent necessary to prevent or remedy such market disruption. Any such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

4. Market disruption shall exist whenever imports of an article, like or directly competitive with an article produced by the domestic industry, are increasing rapidly, either absolutely or relatively, so as to be a significant cause of material injury, or threat of material injury to the domestic industry. In determining if market disruption exists, the affected WTO Member shall consider objective factors, including the volume of imports, the effect of imports on prices for like or directly competitive articles, and the effect of such imports on the domestic industry producing like or directly competitive products.

5. Prior to application of a measure pursuant to paragraph 3, the WTO Member taking such action shall provide reasonable public notice to all interested parties and provide adequate opportunity for importers, exporters and other interested parties to submit their views and evidence on the appropriateness of the proposed measure and whether it would be in the public interest. The WTO Member shall provide written notice of the decision to apply a measure, including the reasons for such measure and its scope and duration.

6. A WTO Member shall apply a measure pursuant to this Section only for such period of time as may be necessary to prevent or remedy the market disruption. If a measure is taken as a result of a relative increase in the level of imports, China has the right to suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions or obligations under the GATT 1994 to the trade of the WTO Member applying the measure, if such measure remains in effect more than two years. However, if a measure is taken as a result of an absolute increase in imports, China has a right to suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions or obligations under the GATT 1994 to the trade of the WTO Member applying the measure, if such measure remains in effect more than three years. Any such action by China shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

7. In critical circumstances, where delay would cause damage which it would be difficult to repair, the WTO Member so affected may take a provisional safeguard measure pursuant to a preliminary determination that imports have caused or threatened to cause market disruption. In this case, notification of the measures taken to the Committee on Safeguards and a request for bilateral consultations shall be effected immediately thereafter. The duration of the provisional measure shall not exceed 200 days during which the pertinent requirements of paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 shall be met. The duration of any provisional measure shall be counted toward the period provided for under paragraph 6.

8. If a WTO Member considers that an action taken under paragraphs 2, 3 or 7 causes or threatens to cause significant diversions of trade into its market, it may request consultations with China and/or the WTO Member concerned. Such consultations shall be held within 30 days after the request is notified to the Committee on Safeguards. If such consultations fail to lead to an agreement between China and the WTO Member or Members concerned within 60 days after the notification, the requesting WTO Member shall be free, in respect of such product, to withdraw concessions accorded to or otherwise limit imports from China, to the extent necessary to prevent or remedy such diversions. Such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

9. Application of this Section shall be terminated 12 years after the date of accession.

17. Reservations by WTO Members

All prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and other measures maintained by WTO Members against imports from China in a manner inconsistent with the WTO Agreement are listed in Annex 7. All such prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and other measures shall be phased out or dealt with in accordance with mutually agreed terms and timetables as specified in the said Annex.

18. Transitional Review Mechanism

1. Those subsidiary bodies1 of the WTO which have a mandate covering China's commitments under the WTO Agreement or this Protocol shall, within one year after accession and in accordance with paragraph 4 below, review, as appropriate to their mandate, the implementation by China of the WTO Agreement and of the related provisions of this Protocol. China shall provide relevant information, including information specified in Annex 1A, to each subsidiary body in advance of the review. China can also raise issues relating to any reservations under Section 17 or to any other specific commitments made by other Members in this Protocol, in those subsidiary bodies which have a relevant mandate. Each subsidiary body shall report the results of such review promptly to the relevant Council established by paragraph 5 of Article IV of the WTO Agreement, if applicable, which shall in turn report promptly to the General Council.

2. The General Council shall, within one year after accession, and in accordance with paragraph 4 below, review the implementation by China of the WTO Agreement and the provisions of this Protocol. The General Council shall conduct such review in accordance with the framework set out in Annex 1B and in the light of the results of any reviews held pursuant to paragraph 1. China also can raise issues relating to any reservations under Section 17 or to any other specific commitments made by other Members in this Protocol. The General Council may make recommendations to China and to other Members in these respects.

3. Consideration of issues pursuant to this Section shall be without prejudice to the rights and obligations of any Member, including China, under the WTO Agreement or any Plurilateral Trade Agreement, and shall not preclude or be a precondition to recourse to consultation or other provisions of the WTO Agreement or this Protocol.

4. The review provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 will take place after accession in each year for eight years. Thereafter there will be a final review in year 10 or at an earlier date decided by the General Council.

Part II - Schedules

1. The Schedules annexed to this Protocol shall become the Schedule of Concessions and Commitments annexed to the GATT 1994 and the Schedule of Specific Commitments annexed to the GATS relating to China. The staging of concessions and commitments listed in the Schedules shall be implemented as specified in the relevant parts of the relevant Schedules.

2. For the purpose of the reference in paragraph 6(a) of Article II of the GATT 1994 to the date of that Agreement, the applicable date in respect of the Schedules of Concessions and Commitments annexed to this Protocol shall be the date of accession.

Part III - Final Provisions

1. This Protocol shall be open for acceptance, by signature or otherwise, by China until 1 January 2002.

2. This Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the day of its acceptance.

3. This Protocol shall be deposited with the Director-General of the WTO. The Director-General shall promptly furnish a certified copy of this Protocol and a notification of acceptance by China thereof, pursuant to paragraph 1 of Part III of this Protocol, to each WTO Member and to China.

4. This Protocol shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Done at Doha this tenth day of November two thousand and one, in a single copy, in the English, French and Spanish languages, each text being authentic, except that a Schedule annexed hereto may specify that it is authentic in only one or more of these languages.

1 Council for Trade in Goods, Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Council for Trade in Services, Committees on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions, Market Access (covering also ITA), Agriculture, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Technical Barriers to Trade, Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, Anti-Dumping Measures, Customs Valuation, Rules of Origin, Import Licensing, Trade-Related Investment Measures, Safeguards, Trade in Financial Services.

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交通行政执法监督规定

交通部


交通行政执法监督规定
1995年3月20日,交通部

《交通行政执法监督规定》,已于1995年3月15日经第3次部长办公会议通过,现予发布,自1995年7月1日起施行。

第一章 总 则
第一条 为加强交通行政执法和行政执法监督,保障法律、法规、规章和规范性文件的正确实施,制定本规定。
第二条 各级交通行政管理部门和行政执法人员均应当遵守本规定。
第三条 交通行政执法是指交通行政管理部门依据法律、法规、规章和规范性文件作出具体行政行为的活动。
交通行政执法监督是指交通行政管理部门对下级交通行政管理部门的行政行为进行监督和检查的活动。
第四条 交通行政执法和行政执法监督工作遵循有法必依、执法必严、违法必纠的原则。
第五条 各级交通行政管理部门的法制工作机构或者法制工作归口部门负责组织、协调执法监督工作。

第二章 行 政 执 法
第六条 法律、法规、规章和规范性文件发布后,负责实施的交通行政管理部门应当及时制订具体实施方案,做好宣传、培训工作。
第七条 交通行政管理部门作出具体行政行为应当符合下列规定:
(一)符合法定的职责权限;
(二)认定事实清楚,证据确凿;
(三)适用法律、法规、规章和规范性文件正确;
(四)符合法定程序;
(五)行政执法文书规范;
(六)处理适当。
第八条 交通行政执法人员应当做到:
(一)熟悉有关法律知识和行政执法业务;
(二)忠于职守,秉公执法;
(三)执法时应当佩戴统一的执法标志,仪容整洁,举止文明;
(四)自觉接受监督。
第九条 交通行政执法人员需经专业知识和法律知识的培训,经考核获得交通行政执法资格。
交通行政执法资格证书由交通部统一制定样式,各省、自治区、直辖市交通厅(局、委、办)或者交通部直属行政管理部门核发并且负责年度审核工作。
第十条 交通行政执法工作应当做到执法制度公开,执法结果公开,接受执法监督。

第三章 行政执法监督
第十一条 交通行政执法监督的内容:
(一)法律、法规、规章和规范性文件的实施情况;
(二)规范性文件是否合法;
(三)行政执法主体是否合法;
(四)行政执法程序是否合法;
(五)行政执法文书是否规范;
(六)行政执法中认定事实是否准确;
(七)行政执法中适用法律、法规、规章和规范性文件是否正确;
(八)行政复议工作的开展情况;
(九)其他需要监督检查的事项。
第十二条 交通行政执法监督按下列方式进行:
(一)实行法律、法规、规章和规范性文件实施情况报告制度。法律、法规、规章和规范性文件施行一年后,交通行政管理部门应当向上一级交通行政管理部门报告该项法律、法规、规章和规范性文件的实施情况,包括配套规定的制定、实施效果、存在问题及建议。
(二)实行规范性文件备案审查制度。交通行政管理部门对下一级交通行政管理部门按规定备案的规范性文件进行审查。
(三)实行行政执法工作情况报告制度。交通行政管理部门应当将年度执法工作情况向上一级交通行政管理部门报告。
(四)实行行政执法检查制度。交通行政管理部门应当定期或者不定期地对下级交通行政管理部门执行法律、法规、规章和规范性文件的情况进行检查。
(五)实行行政复议制度。交通行政管理部门应当根据《行政复议条例》规定的职责,受理行政复议案件,纠正下级交通行政管理部门违法和不当的具体行政行为。
(六)实行重大行政处罚决定备案制度。交通行政管理部门作出吊销证照、责令停业整顿、2000元以上罚款的重大行政处罚决定的,应当及时向上一级交通行政管理部门备案。
(七)实行行政赔偿案件备案制度。交通行政管理部门作出行政赔偿的案件和人民法院判决其作出行政赔偿的案件应当及时向上一级交通行政管理部门备案。
(八)实行错案追究制度。交通行政管理部门应当对下级交通行政管理部门作出的、造成管理相对人严重损害的不当或者违法的具体行政行为进行追究。
(九)交通行政管理部门在职权范围内需要采取的其他方式。
第十三条 交通行政管理部门对执法监督工作中发现的问题按下列规定处理:
(一)对与法律、法规、规章相抵触的规范性文件,责令发布单位撤销或者修改;
(二)对交通行政管理部门之间发生的行政执法争议,由争议双方共同的上级交通行政管理部门协调;
(三)对执法过程中的法律、法规、规章和规范性文件冲突,属于交通行政管理部门职权范围内的,应当负责审查和处理,无权处理的应当及时向上级交通行政管理部门或者有权处理的行政机关报告;
(四)对下级交通行政管理部门不履行或者不严格履行法定职责的,责令履行或者限期改正;
(五)对下级交通行政管理部门作出的违法和不当的具体行政行为,决定纠正或者责令改正;但公民、法人或者其他组织提起行政复议的,按《行政复议条例》处理;
(六)行政执法主体不合法的,责令予以纠正。
第十四条 各级交通行政管理部门和行政执法人员有义务接受监督检查。
第十五条 任何单位和个人都有权检举、控告交通行政管理部门和行政执法人员的违法行为。受理控告、检举的交通行政管理部门应当及时查处违法行为,并为检举、控告人保密。严禁对检举、控告人打击报复。
第十六条 交通行政管理部门违反本规定,有下列情形之一的,由其上级交通行政管理部门出具书面意见责令其限期改正。拒不改正的,对于有直接隶属关系的,由上级交通行政管理部门给予其主要负责人和直接责任者批评或者行政处分;对于属业务指导关系的,由上级交通行政管理
部门建议地方政府给予其主要负责人和直接责任者批评或者行政处分:
(一)不履行或者不全面履行法律、法规、规章和规范性文件规定的行政管理职责的;
(二)不按规定将规范性文件备案的;
(三)不按期报告法律、法规、规章和规范性文件实施情况的;
(四)不按规定将重大行政处罚决定备案的;
(五)不按规定将行政赔偿案件备案的;
(六)不按规定进行错案追究的;
(七)违反规定乱设站卡、乱收费、乱罚款的;
(八)无故拖延执行行政执法监督决定的;
(九)妨碍行政执法监督检查工作的其他行为。
第十七条 交通行政执法人员违反本规定,有下列情形之一的,上级交通行政管理部门和行政执法监督人员应当纠正其违法行为,可以暂扣其交通行政执法资格证书;情节严重的,可建议其所属部门给予其行政处分或者调离行政执法岗位:
(一)执法过程中有违法或者不当行为的;
(二)不履行法定职责,玩忽职守的;
(三)违反职业道德规范,不文明执法的;
(四)拒不接受执法监督的。
第十八条 各级交通行政管理部门应当加强对现场执法监督工作的领导。各省、自治区、直辖市交通厅(局、委、办)和交通部直属行政管理部门应当在法制(纠风)工作机构的基础上,建立专(兼)职人员组成的执法监督队伍。
交通行政执法监督人员从事现场检查时,应当出示交通行政执法监督证件。
交通行政执法监督证件由交通部统一制定样式,省级交通主管部门或者交通部直属行政管理部门核发。
第十九条 交通行政管理部门或者行政执法人员作出的具体行政行为侵犯公民、法人或者其他组织的合法权益造成损害的,由该交通行政管理部门或者该行政执法人员所在的交通行政管理部门依据有关法律、法规规定进行赔偿。
交通行政管理部门赔偿损失后,应当责令有故意或者重大过失的行政执法人员承担部分或者全部赔偿费用。

第四章 附则
第二十条 各省、自治区、直辖市交通厅(局、委、办)可依据本规定制定实施办法。
第二十一条 本规定由交通部负责解释。
第二十二条 本规定自一九九五年七月一日起施行。


关于印发大连市民办教育机构设置暂行规定的通知

辽宁省大连市教育局


关于印发大连市民办教育机构设置暂行规定的通知

大教[2007]65号


各区市县教育局,开发区教育卫生局:
  现将《大连市民办教育机构设置暂行规定》印发给你们,请认真遵照执行。

二OO七年六月一日

大连市民办教育机构设置暂行规定

第一章 总 则

  第一条 为了认真贯彻“积极鼓励,大力支持,正确引导,依法管理”的办学方针,提高大连市民办教育机构的办学水平,根据《中华人民共和国民办教育促进法》和《中华人民共和国民办教育促进法实施条例》等法律法规,结合大连市实际,制定本规定。
  第二条 本规定所称民办教育机构是指企业事业单位、社会团体及其它社会组织或公民个人利用非国家财政性经费,在大连市行政区域内面向社会举办的实施中等及其以下学历教育的学校(以下简称学历教育学校)和实施非学历教育的培训机构(以下简称非学历教育机构)。
  第三条 民办教育机构应全面贯彻党和国家的教育方针,尊重教育教学规律;应有明确的办学方向、办学宗旨、培养目标;应遵守国家的法律、法规,满足市民多样性的教育需求,保证教育质量,培养合格人才;并依法接受教育行政部门的监督和管理。

第二章 设置标准

  第四条 设立小学应具备以下条件:
  (一)生均占地面积16平方米以上,田径场环形跑道应在200米以上,且具有场地自有使用权。
  (二)生均建筑面积7平方米以上的自有产权校舍。寄宿制的学校,应有符合规定标准的学生宿舍和食堂等。
  (三)100万元以上的开办资金。
  (四)以1:21的师生比例配备的具有专科以上学历和任职资格的教师。
  (五)具有满足教学需要的自然教室、计算机教室、音乐教室、美术教室、电教室和符合国家规定标准的体育设施和器材。
  (六)其他应具备的教育教学条件。
  第五条 设立初级中学应具备以下条件:
  (一)生均占地面积18平方米以上,田径场环形跑道应在200米以上,且具有场地自有使用权。
  (二)生均建筑面积9平方米以上的自有产权校舍。寄宿制的学校,应有符合规定标准的学生宿舍和食堂等。
  (三)200万元以上的开办资金。
  (四)以1:16的师生比例配备的具有本科以上学历和任职资格的教师。
  (五)具有满足教学需要的物理化学生物实验室、计算机教室、音乐教室、美术教室、语音室、电教室、图书阅览室和符合国家规定标准的体育设施和器材。
  (六)其他应具备的教育教学条件。
  第六条 设立普通高级中学、职业高级中学和其它中等职业学校应具备以下条件:
  (一)生均占地面积18平方米以上,田径场环形跑道应在200米以上,且具有场地自有使用权。
  (二)生均建筑面积9平方米以上的自有产权校舍。寄宿制的学校,应有符合规定标准的学生宿舍和食堂等。
  (三)300万元以上的开办资金。
  (四)以1:13的师生比例配备的具有本科以上学历和任职资格的教师。
  (五)具有满足教学需要的物理化学生物实验室、计算机教室、音乐教室、美术教室、语音室、电教室、图书阅览室和符合国家规定标准的体育、卫生设施和器材。职业高级中学和其它中等职业学校还应具有与专业设置相匹配的校内实验、实习设施和设备,并保证与招生规模相适应的工位数量。
  (六)其他应具备的教育教学条件。
  第七条 设立非学历教育机构应具备以下条件:
  (一)具备与办学层次、办学规模相应的符合标准的校舍。凡租赁的校舍,租期不少于三年。
  全日制封闭管理的非学历教育机构,校舍建筑面积不少于800平方米,有1000册以上的图书资料,有与专业设置相应的教学仪器设备。主要教学设备应当自有。提供食宿的非学历教育机构应有与在校师生规模相适应的符合卫生、消防标准的宿舍、食堂、卫生设施。
  其它形式的非学历教育机构,在中山区、西岗区、沙河口区和甘井子区城区办学,校舍建筑面积不少于400平方米;在其他地区办学,校舍建筑面积不少于300平方米。具备与培训专业相应的教学设施、仪器设备、图书资料。主要教学设备应当自有。
  下列房屋不得作为教学场所:
  1.简易建筑;
  2.危房;
  3.旅馆、饭店、舞厅等建筑物的一部分;
  4.民宅、居民小区内部(如在小区临街公建房屋办学,须具有小区物业同意办学的书面证明以及周边住户同意办学的签字证明);
  5.其它不适合教学活动的房屋。
  (二)有稳定的办学资金来源。在市教育行政部门申请设立非学历教育机构,首次投资额应不少于100万元人民币;在区市县教育行
  政部门申请设立非学历教育机构,在中山区、西岗区、沙河口区和甘井子区城区设立,首次投资额应不少于50万元人民币;在其他地区设立,首次投资额应不少于30万元人民币。
  第八条 非学历教育机构设立分支机构应具备以下条件
  (一)办学二年以上;
  (二)办学累积资产额度须在100万元以上;
  (三)教学质量得到社会及学员认可。
  第九条 非学历教育机构在所在的区市县行政区域内设立分支机构须经原审批机关同意;跨区市县设立分支机构的,须经拟设分支机构所在地教育行政部门同意。
非学历教育机构设立的分支机构不具有独立法人资格,教育教学及财务管理等均应由非学历教育机构统一管理。
  第十条 申请举办民办教育机构的单位,应当具有法人资格;申请举办教育机构的个人,应当具有政治权利和完全民事行为能力。
  第十一条 民办教育机构的名称应当符合有关法律、行政法规的规定,确切表示其所在的行政区域、类别和层次;未经市教育行政部门同意不得直接冠以“大连”字样。
  第十二条 民办教育机构拟聘任的校长应当具有本科以上学历,5 年以上教育教学工作经历;具有与所办民办教育机构的教育教学层次相应的学识水平、专业技术职称和教育教学与管理能力;身体健康,能 坚持全日制工作,其年龄一般不超过70岁。
  第十三条 非学历教育机构要有与所设的专业的层次、办学规模相适应的专兼职教师队伍,教职员工一般不得少于10名(其中,专职教师5名),所聘用的教师应具备教师资格和任职条件。有聘任教师和工作人员的聘任合同书。教师中达到法定退休年龄的教师应低于教师总数的5O%。
  聘用外籍教师应符合有关规定。
  第十四条 担任民办教育机构的校长或主要行政负责人和担任总务、会计、人事职务的人员之间无亲属关系。

第三章 受理及审批程序

  第十五条 审批权限
  民办教育机构的筹设或者正式设立,按照以下权限审批:
  设立普通高级中学,由市教育行政部门审批;设立初级中学、小学,由拟设立的学校所在辖区的区市县教育行政部门审批并报市教育行政部门备案。设立中等职业技术学校,按照《大连市职业教育条例》规定的审批权限审批。
  市级以上(含市级)企业事业单位、社会团体、民主党派、大中专院校举办非学历教育机构,自学考试助学性质的教育机构,由市教育行政部门审批;区级以下(含区级)企业事业单位及公民个人举办非学历教育机构,由拟设非学历教育机构所在辖区的区市县教育行政部门审批,报市教育行政部门备案。
  举办实施体育、卫生等专业性教育的教育机构,由相关业务主管部门审核同意后,报教育行政部门审批。
  普通高等院校、成人高等院校的系、部等举办民办教育机构实行院校归口申请。
  第十六条 申请筹设和正式设立民办教育机构,举办者应按《民办教育促进法》的规定提交所需材料,且对材料的真实性承担法律责任。证明文件须交验原件,报送复印件。
  (一)申请筹设民办教育机构应提供以下材料:
  1. 办学申请书。
  2. 举办者资格证明。
  3. 学校章程。内容包括:
  (1)学校的名称、地址;
  (2)办学宗旨、规模、层次、形式等;
  (3)学校资产的数额、来源、性质等;
  (4)理事会、董事会或者其他形式决策机构的产生方法、人员构成、任期、议事规则等。理事会、董事会由5人以上奇数理(董)事组成,其中三分之一以上的理(董)事须由具有五年以上教学或教育管理实践的教育工作者担任。
  (5)学校的法定代表人;
  (6)出资人是否要求取得合理回报;
  (7)学校自行终止的事由;
  (8)章程修改程序。
  4. 办学条件:
  (1)校舍、设备及资金基本情况材料。
  (2)土地使用证、房屋产权证、设备购置发票复印件、会计师事务所出具的验资证明。
  (二)申请正式设立民办教育机构除提供以上筹设需提供的材料外,还应提供以下材料:
  1. 教学计划;
  2. 学校发展规划;
  3. 学校法定代表人的资质证明材料;
  4. 理事会、董事会或者其它决策机构成员构成;
  5. 被聘校长的资质证明材料;
  6. 管理人员资质证明材料;
  7. 财会人员资质证明材料;
  8. 教师资质证明材料;
  9. 审批机关要求提供的其他材料。
  第十七条 审批程序
  (一)受理申办材料。
  (二)审核材料。
  (三)实地考察办学场所。
  (四)批准发办学许可证。

第四章 附 则

  第十八条 有下列情形之一的,依据《中华人民共和国民办教育促进法》及《民办教育促进法实施条例》有关规定予以处理:
  (一)举办者未能按时、足额履行出资义务,或者不提供必需的开办经费,致使民办教育机构日常运转经费严重不足,难以维系的;
  (二)举办者抽逃、占有、处置其投入民办教育机构的资产,或使用民办教育机构的资产从事与举办本民办教育机构无关活动的;
  (三)未与教职工签订聘任合同、劳动合同,或非法侵犯教职工合法权益的;
  (四)广告或招生简章等民办教育机构宣传资料未按规定备案擅自发布的,或已经审核的招生广告、简章等擅自改写后发布的;
  (五)违反收、退费管理等规定的;
  (六)未经许可,超范围办学的;
  (七)将办学任务承包给其他单位或个人的;
  (八)其他违反法律、行政法规规定的。
  第十九条 因民办教育机构原因,非学历教育机构持续一年、学历教育连续三年未招生的,应视为自动停止办学。
  第二十条 学校资产必须于批准设立之日起一年内过户到学校名下。本规定下发前资产未过户到学校名下的,自本规定下发之日起一年内完成过户工作,资产未过户到学校名下前,举办者对学校债务承担连带责任。
  第二十一条 在我国境内的外国机构和人士、三资企业中的外方以及境外机构和个人在大连市辖区开展办学活动,按国家有关规定执行。
  第二十二条 本规定自2007年7月1日起施行,《大连市社会力量举办非学历教育机构设置暂行规定》(大教[2002]38号)同时废止。
  第二十三条 本规定由大连市教育局负责解释。




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